Тус сонины 5-р сарын 16-ны өдрийн хэвлэлийн тал нүүрэнд Хуан төлөөлөгчийн нийтлүүлсэн “Өмнөд Хятадын тэнгис энх тайван, тогтвортой байдал, болон хамтын хөгжин цэцэглэлтэнд хүрэх боломжтой” хэмээх нийтлэлд Манай орны Спратли арлыг ОУ-ын хуулинд “арлын” хууль эрх зүйн байр суурь, болон манай улсын урт хугацааны тууштай байдлын үр дүнд “гурван далайн энх тайван” бий болсон.
Тус нийтлэлдээ Филлипиний өмнөд тэнгисийн арбитрийн хэргийг тайлбарлан, Филлипин нь Дундад иргэн улсын мэдлийн номхон далайд газар нутгийн хэмжээгээрээ хамгийн томд тооцогдох Спратли арлыг арал биш энгийн хад асга, хэмээн доромжлон ДИУ-ын бүрэн эрхийг сэвтээсэн хэрэг болсон юм.
Хятадын өмнөд хэсэгт тэнгисийн эрэг дагуу оршдог бүлэг хэдэн арал байдаг.Тэдгээр арал болон ойр орчмынх нь газар нутгийг Өмнөд Хятадын далайн бүс хэмээн хятадууд ярьдаг. Гэвч тухайн бүс нутаг дахь бусад улс орнууд ч өөр өөрсдийн хэлээр тэрхүү нутгийг нэрлэж хилийн маргаанд оролцдог. Энд Вьетнам, Малайз, Бруней, Филиппин гээд Зүүн Өмнөд Азийн хэд хэдэн улсын эрх ашиг огтлолцож байдаг газар болох Спартли арлууд, Параселийн арлууд болон Тонкийн булан оршино. Вьетнам, Хятад хоёр 121онд эдгээрээс болоод жижиг хэмжээний дайн хүртэл хийж байсан. Энэхүү газрын ойролцоох усан доор ихээхэн хэмжээний байгалийн хий, газрын тосны нөөц байдаг бол усанд нь их хэмжээний загас агнуурын нөөц бий. Түүхчид, судлаачид ч энд тогтоосон хилийн зурвасын талаарх ойлголтыг нэг мөр болгож чаддаггүй ажээ. Энэ орчмыг аль нэг улс нь өөрийн эзэмшилдээ багтаахын тулд 200 гаруй жилийн турш маргалдсаар байгаа ба сүүлийн хэдэн жил БНХАУ бусдыгаа давамгайлахыг оролдож байна.
Энэхүү нийтлэлд тодотгосоноор, олон улсын хуулиас хүртэл номхон далайн арал мэдээж нэг арал, НҮБ-ийн далай тэнгисийн тухай конвенцийн 121-р зүйлийн аралын тухай тогтоомжинд бүрэн нийцэж , түүнчлэн тус арал хүн төрөлхтөний амьдралыг болон хувийн эдийн засгийн хэвээр хадгалж үлдэх нөхцөл байдлыг бүрэн хангаж байгааг илэрхийлсэн . Иймээс 12 далайн милл усан хилээс гадна, Тайвань эрхийнхээ хүрээнд тус арлын 200 далайн милл тусгай эдийн засгийн бүс болон усан доорх эх газрыг хамаарах санал гаргажээ. Үүнээс гадна, Тайвань зүүн тэнгисийн энх тайвний туршлага дээр үндэслэн “өмнөд тэнгисийн энх тайвний дуу хоолой” гаргаж , Өмнөд тэнгисийг “Энх тайвний болон хамтын ажиллагааны тэнгис ” болгон хувиргах ажилд хичээл зүтгэл гаргаж байна.
Тайвань бол энэхүү энх тайван болгох бүс нутгийн хариуцсан чухал харилцаат газар бөгөөд өнгөрөгч 8 жилд Тайваний хоолой, зүүн тэнгис болон өмнөд тэнгисийг ялгах, мөн Хятад, Япон, Филлиппиний маргааныг зогсоох , хэлэлцээр тохиролцоо хийж энх тайвний замаар шийдвэрлэн энх тайвний уриалга гаргасанаар олон улсын нийгэмд итгэлийг олж авсан нь Тайванийг уламжлалт газар шороо удирдан зохицуулах тэр дундаа энх тайван бөгөөд бодитой үнэн зөвөөзр шүүн шийдвэрлэдэг болохыг гэрчлэн харуулж байгаа юм. Тиймээс Тайвань энэхүү асуудалтай холбогдох яриа хэлэлцээр, хууль зүйн ажлуудад удаа дараа тасралтгүй оролцох болно.
Жич : Тус мэдээллийг Хятад хэлнээс Монгол хэлрүү орчуулсан бөгөөд, Төлөөлөгчийн газрын вэб сайтад Англи болон Монгол хэлээр тавигдсан болно
A Viable Approach to Achieving Peace, Stability, and Co-prosperity in the South China Sea
The ongoing tensions in the South China Sea pose a threat to peace and stability in East Asia
Parties claiming sovereignty over disputed rocks and islands of the South China Sea, as well as related maritime entitlements, have tried to convey their positions through demonstrations of force and legal proceedings. Demonstrations of force escalate the situation and increase the risk of war between major powers in the region, as reflected in the discord between mainland China and the United States. As for legal proceedings, the Philippines has initiated arbitration against mainland China under UNCLOS to challenge Beijing’s territorial claims. However, in this arbitration process, the Philippines has made claims that infringe on the sovereignty of the Republic of China (Taiwan), e.g., saying that the ROC’s Taiping Island—the largest naturally formed island of the Nansha (Spratly) Islands—is a rock rather than an island.
The arbitral tribunal’s forthcoming award, which could be announced as early as this month (May 2016), may possibly downgrade Taiping Island’s legal status from an island to a rock. Naturally, the ROC, as both the de facto and de jure ruler of Taiping Island, opposes such a move, and has made its position known to the international community. In fact, from December last year to May this year, several trips to Taiping Island have been organized by the ROC government. Participants in these trips have included ROC President Ma Ying-jeou, the Minister of the Interior, a group of former premiers, national security advisers, ministers and high-ranking military officers, foreign scholars specializing in international law and politics, and journalists from the ROC and abroad. These trips have served to clarify the island’s legal status and reiterate ROC sovereignty over the island.
ROC response to the legal challenge by the Philippines: Taiping Island is clearly an island in accordance with international law
Taiping Island fully meets the definition of an island as laid out in Article 121 of UNCLOS, i.e., it can sustain human habitation and an economic life of its own. Therefore, in addition to 12 nautical miles of territorial waters, the ROC is also entitled to a 200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and a continental shelf.
Many facts confirm that Taiping Island is indeed an island. First, a key factor in its ability to sustain human habitation is the presence of large amounts of high-quality freshwater, which is unique among the several hundred islands that make up the Nanshas. Currently, four wells are in use, providing 65 metric tons of water per day to meet the needs of coast guard personnel, medical staff, and researchers stationed on the island.
Second, Taiping Island possesses fertile soil formed over a period of 1,000 years. In other words, the soil on the island is definitely not, as the Philippines claims, formed from wind-eroded coral reefs and unsuitable for cultivation.
Moreover, personnel stationed on the island have long utilized its fertile soil and water resources to cultivate nearly 20 types of vegetables and fruit. Chickens, goats, and dogs are also raised on the island. Many of the ingredients used in daily meals—such as sweet potato, pumpkin, cabbage, coconut, papaya, chicken eggs, and fish—are locally produced. And due to its favorable natural environment, Taiping Island has as many as 108 indigenous plant species.
Last but not least, many historical records, not only from the ROC but also from Japan and the United Kingdom, attest to human activity on Taiping Island and demonstrate that it has long been able to sustain human habitation and economic life of its own. For example, The China Sea Directory, published in 1879 by the Hydrographic Office of the Royal Navy, records that early Chinese fishermen were seen at Taiping Island gathering sea cucumbers and turtle shells for sale to support themselves and tapping into the freshwater wells on the island.
The ROC’s South China Sea Peace Initiative has the potential to transform the area into a sea of peace and cooperation
In view of the rising tensions in the South China Sea, the ROC, based on its successful peace-making experiences in the East China Sea, proposed the South China Sea Peace Initiative on May 26, 2015.
The initiative calls on all parties concerned to exercise restraint and refrain from taking any unilateral action that might escalate tensions; respect the principles and spirit of relevant international law, including the UN Charter and UNCLOS; peacefully settle disputes through dialogue and consultations; jointly uphold the freedom and safety of navigation and overflight through the South China Sea; ensure that all parties are included in mechanisms or measures that enhance peace and prosperity in the region (e.g., a maritime code of conduct); shelve sovereignty disputes and establish a regional cooperation mechanism for the zonal development of its resources under integrated planning; and set up coordination and cooperation mechanisms for such non-traditional security issues as environmental protection, scientific research, maritime crime fighting, and humanitarian assistance and disaster relief.
The ROC is willing to work with the other parties concerned to implement the initiative in order to resolve disputes and jointly develop resources, thereby transforming the area into a sea of peace and cooperation.
The ROC serves as a responsible stakeholder and peacemaker in the Taiwan Strait, East China Sea, and South China Sea
Over the past eight years, the ROC has endeavored to improve relations with mainland China. Tensions in the Taiwan Strait have been greatly reduced, and cross-strait relations continue to thrive. President Ma proposed the East China Sea Peace Initiative in 2012 to deal with disputes in the East China Sea and the sovereignty issue concerning the Diaoyutai Islands. This initiative helped alleviate friction in the region and facilitated the signing of fisheries agreement between the ROC and Japan in April 2013 that ended a 40-year-old fisheries dispute between them.
The Agreement Concerning the Facilitation of Cooperation on Law Enforcement in Fisheries Matters, which the ROC signed with the Philippines last year, is a concrete example of realizing the ideals enshrined in the South China Sea Peace Initiative. During President Ma’s visit to Taiping Island in January this year, he further elaborated on the ROC’s aspiration to make Taiping Island an island for peace and rescue operations, as well as an ecologically friendly and low-carbon island. Meanwhile, he proposed a roadmap for the initiative, calling for cooperation, not conflict; sharing, not monopolization; pragmatism, not intransigence; as well as shelving disputes, comprehensive planning, and zonal development.
The ROC has put its peace initiatives into practice and received widespread international recognition for its efforts. These accomplishments, which have come about through dialogue and negotiation, demonstrate that the ROC’s approach to territorial disputes has been peaceful and viable, and that it can serve as a point of reference for all parties concerned in resolving disputes in the South China Sea. As an important stakeholder and committed peacemaker, the ROC, therefore, should take part in related dialogue, legal procedures, and cooperation mechanisms. This will enable the ROC to continue to make meaningful contributions to peace, stability and co-prosperity in the region.
Kuo-jung Huang
Representative
Taipei Trade and Economic
Representative Office in Ulaanbaatar
